The following excerpt is from Caruso v. Zugibe, No. 15-2219-cv (2nd Cir. 2016):
To establish constitutional standing, a plaintiff must allege that (i) she has suffered an injury in fact which is "concrete and particularized" and "actual or imminent, not conjectural or hypothetical," (ii) there is "a causal connection between the injury and the conduct complained of," and (iii) it is likely "that the injury will be redressed by a favorable decision." Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 560-61 (1992) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). To meet this burden when seeking injunctive or declaratory relief, a plaintiff "cannot rely on past injury to satisfy the injury
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