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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


Is there jurisdiction for tort where damage occurs where the damage occurs?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a tenant have an obligation to insure against fire?


Ontario, Canada

Is a state court presumed to have adjudicated on the merits of a claim against the federal government?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant argue that the prosecution interfered with his choice of counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a manufacturer of a product is responsible for a product's adverse effects?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the fact that following trial defendant received a more severe sentence than he was offered during plea negotiations support the inference that he was penalized for exercising his constitutional rights?


California, United States of America

What is the limitation period for a federal habeas corpus application?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a motion be granted based on newly discovered evidence that may merely impeach a witness?


California, United States of America

What is the indemnity principle and how is it applied in the context of a partial indemnity award?


Ontario, Canada

Does the duty of fairness extend to administrative tribunals?


New Brunswick, Canada

When Pasterchik is charged with possession of a firearm under the Civil Code of Civil Procedure, is he permitted to transport a firearm in a vehicle?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining "proximate cause" in a motor vehicle accident?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a jury was deadlocked prior to the judge's statement?


California, United States of America

Is there any waiver of attorney-client privilege from the circumstance that the client took the stand in his or her own behalf?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

Does the Court have a sua sponte duty to give unanimity instruction in a murder case?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a condition of probation imposed by the juvenile court on a minor who violated the terms of his probation?


California, United States of America

How is Rule 30 applied in a jury trial when there is an objection to the language or formulation of a jury instruction?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the consequences of a conversation between a murder suspect and his accomplice discussing how to escape from the scene of the crime?


California, United States of America

Is a criminal defendant entitled to a defense that reflects the defense theory?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is a frivolous and vexatious claim?


Ontario, Canada

Can a jury consider evidence of a defendant's voluntary intoxication?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a bank and its solicitor agree to accept and accept an offer of credit?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does the Eighth Amendment prohibit the imposition of criminal penalties for "sitting, sleeping or lying outside on public property for homeless individuals who cannot obtain shelter"?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review on appeal from a judgment dismissing an action after sustaining a demurrer without leave to amend?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a state is bound by federal law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for ordering security for costs against an individual?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the state of the law on motive or intent in the context of a vehicle accident?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a motorist be arrested for a parking violation?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test of judicial independence in the context of a federal criminal investigation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the right of a defendant to compel the attendance of a witness in a criminal case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a criminal charged with possession of a small amount of marijuana for sale entitled to a simple possession instruction?


California, United States of America

What is the retroactivity of a variation order?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there a proper basis to arrest a deputy constable who is also a private police patrol officer?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim for wrongful imprisonment, intentional infliction of emotional distress and false imprisonment?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reviewing a motion for habeas?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the reasons the judge was right to isolate this aspect of the case for consideration?


Ontario, Canada

Does the record support a finding of prosecutorial misconduct?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting evidence of pornography in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for medical battery cases?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of an amended complaint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether someone who has served time in prison for a felony while serving time for a similar crime has been reduced to a lesser criminal offence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for asking for identification by a police officer?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a malicious killing committed in imperfect self-defense?


California, United States of America

What is the test for unanimous verdict in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the Miranda rights issue?


California, United States of America

Is there a presumption of no costs in a custody case?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

What is the test for making a restitution order for a convicted rapist?


California, United States of America

What are the requirements for a new trial in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to strike a cause of action arising from a statement made before or in connection with a legally authorized official proceeding?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of proof in a motor vehicle safety-valve relief application?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a prisoner's right to file a grievance sufficient to support a claim under Section 1983?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current physical agility test for the position of police officer?


California, United States of America

What constitutes concealment of a weapon under the Mental Health Act?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a testator's delusions invalidate a will?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for enforcement of a settlement agreement for abuse of power?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a trial court's failure to state reasons forfeited?


California, United States of America

What is the test for punitive damages in a wrongful dismissal action?


Ontario, Canada

What is the scope of review of a motion for a new trial based on newly discovered evidence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to reduce a charge of assault to a simple assault under the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a contract is ambiguous or ambiguous?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a challenge to the constitutionality of a statute de novo?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the use of unadjudicated criminal activity as an aggravating factor in a sexual assault case constitute an aggravative factor?


California, United States of America

Is a course of conduct in which a robbery and an attempted voluntary manslaughter conviction are indivisible for purposes of section 654 of the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

How have courts in the United States dealt with the issue of threats of imprisonment if a co-accused refuses to waive extradition?


British Columbia, Canada

Can an appellate court amend an order made by the Superior Court of Justice in a case not before the court?


California, United States of America

Can appellate counsel who wish to raise the issue of inadequate trial representation join a verified petition for writ of habeas corpus?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to return a verdict of death in a murder trial?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for distributing unclaimed funds from a class action settlement?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the impact of high-conflict parenting in a child alienation case?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for establishing actual prejudice in a motion for dismissal?


California, United States of America

What are the requirements of the fraudulent conveyance statute?


California, United States of America

What is the legal basis for a jury to convict a defendant of possessing materials used to manufacture methamphetamine?


California, United States of America

Is evidence of a defendant's gang membership prejudicial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to dismiss an appeal for delay?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the appropriate remuneration for an executrix's legal fees?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for using rumour as evidence in a defamation case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law on liability for a successor's product?


California, United States of America

What are the costs of a family litigation?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of review on appeal for parole violation?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff recover damages for loss of housekeeping capacity from a family member?


British Columbia, Canada

Can an adverse finding be made against an entity not a party to a proceeding?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the range of general or non-pecuniary damages for pain, suffering and loss of enjoyment of life?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a plaintiff who seeks to hold a prison official liable for deliberate indifference?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have the right to appeal against his conviction for murder by reason of insanity in a situation in which he was not the moving party?


California, United States of America

What is the test for dismissing a class action for declaratory relief?


California, United States of America

Does the existence of the ICBC and its role in defending damages for damages flowing from motor vehicle accidents take into account?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a search and seizure under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

What are the reasons for judgment on the damages assessment?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the inability of a defendant to make bail per se constitute a denial of equal protection?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reducing damages for a plaintiff in a personal injury action?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a plaintiff to succeed in a claim for malpractice?


California, United States of America

Does Defendant's chosen legal theory rather constrain the defense?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the duty of a bailee to take care of the bailee?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the grounds for a motion of no confidence in a family law case?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for counterclaiming in the main action?


Ontario, Canada

Can a holdout juror be improperly dismissed when they refuse to give evidence at voir dire?


California, United States of America

Does the residual clause need to be defined as a category?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for judicial review of an interlocutory decision?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for "a school need not tolerate student speech that is inconsistent with its basic educational mission"?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a challenge to the sufficiency of evidence to support a conviction?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on disclosure of confidential information?


Ontario, Canada

Is there any case law where a defendant has been found guilty of sexual assault because of his religious beliefs?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have reason to believe their actions were unlawful?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a reduction in pay for an accommodation worker be considered discriminatory?


Ontario, Canada

What would be required for a judge to order a search and seizure of a person's property in a civil matter?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for witness identification of a defendant's voice in a criminal case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining the appropriate standard of bail for a defendant in a criminal case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the diminished capacity defense?


California, United States of America

What is the test for probable cause in the search warrant application for the seizure of a safe containing information obtained from a closed safe?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court grant summary judgment in a personal injury action?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for obtaining witness testimony in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the case law on quantum meruit compensation for care of injured family members in a motor vehicle accident?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can a foster parent's income be imputed in the Guideline under s. 19 of the Child Support Guidelines?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for admitting or excluding evidence of prostitution in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is an abuse of the denial of a properly preserved motion to sever?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a police officer be allowed to appeal his decision not to shoot a civilian?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a husband’s interest is capable of being a family asset?


British Columbia, Canada

Does section 1170.18 of the California Code of Civil Procedure include DNA expungement?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of having to seek a rehearing as a condition to judicial review?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a civil action under Section 1985 of the Ku Klux Klan Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the distribution of unclaimed funds from a class action settlement?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a plaintiff succeed on the consent issue?


Ontario, Canada

What is the current state of the law on credibility of witnesses?


Ontario, Canada

Does a specific fund need to be established to support a specific claim?


Ontario, Canada

Does Miranda have the privilege to be considered a witness in a jury trial for refusing to testify against a gang expert?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for a child's expressed wishes?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for construing a will?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for strip searches under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

What is the contributory negligence of a plaintiff in a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the procedure in which a jury in a civil case is instructed to ask for their own instructions when they have reached an impasse in their deliberations?


California, United States of America

What are the consequences of a trial court's failure to state reasons for sentencing petitioner to two consecutive terms for kidnapping and oral copulation?


California, United States of America

What is defendant's burden of proving that he was released from custody on his own recognizance and placed on electronic monitoring?


California, United States of America

Is common law spouses exempt from the spousal incompetency rule?


Ontario, Canada

What is the burden of presenting a motion for resentencing?


California, United States of America

Is rioting at a correctional institution a violent crime?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a school district be held liable under Title IX for the sexual harassment of a student by one of its teachers?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a person to be found guilty of aiding and abetting a crime?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant subpoena the personnel records of a police officer?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for a defendant to be able to conduct his defense in a rational manner?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on strip searches for defendants who are not on bail?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a threat of physical harm in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between life sentences for third strike offenders and those convicted of simple drug possession?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing an abuse of discretion in a motion for a continuance?


California, United States of America

Under what circumstances will a maximum sentence be imposed on a defendant who has been convicted of a charge of possession of a firearm with intent to endanger life or cause grievous bodily harm?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts treated defense counsel's objections at trial?


California, United States of America

How have the facts been determined in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Can a jury convict a defendant of two counts of possession of methamphetamine for sale?


California, United States of America

Does a federal judge have an authority to order an injunction that governs the future conduct of an official, but not a retroactive monetary relief?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant is responsible for an injury?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for abuse of third party culpability?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to amend the meaning of Section 2255 of the Civil Code of Civil Procedure?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the court have any authority to deny a motion to compel a witness to testify against a defendant in a murder case?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for a trial court to instruct on defense in a lesser offense?


California, United States of America

What are the elements of violating 8 U.S.C. section 1326 of the Immigration Code?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a court order the cancellation of a claim under the Unemployment Insurance Act?


California, United States of America

When will the court award costs of an action where an offer has been made pursuant to Rule 9-1(5) and (6)?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the statute of limitations for a plaintiff to bring a claim under Section 1635 of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the scope of review in this case?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of having to cohabitate with a partner to recover from a serious sexual assault?


California, United States of America

In a medical malpractice case, in what circumstances will a jury deliver a special verdict for the widow and children of a plaintiff?


California, United States of America

Can a certificate of insurance policy be retroactive for an accident that occurred a few hours after the policy was purchased?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a defendant to argue that his sentence is cruel or unusual because it exceeds his life expectancy?


California, United States of America

Is brandishing a weapon a lesser included crime?


California, United States of America

What is the test for tolling the statute of limitations in a motor vehicle case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a lawyer who has power of attorney and is executor and beneficiary of a former client, for four years after her death, continue to receive an annuity for which she was convicted of theft?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts interpreted the meaning of the word "possible" in the context of section 4574 of the Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for probable cause in a civil matter?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a criminal threat?


California, United States of America

Does a court have to reasonably determine that a defendant has not satisfied a reasonable standard of conduct in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review applied in a settlement agreement?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for making structural repairs under the Licensing Act?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for proving a prior conviction?


California, United States of America

Does a witness have to admit or deny making a prior inconsistent statement?


California, United States of America

Can a Minister or a civil servant be deemed confidential?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for a party to be released from a mental health release?


Ontario, Canada

Can a wife join her husband in suing their medical insurer?


California, United States of America

What are the implications of a court's failure to conduct a Marsden inquiry into the reasons for defendant's dissatisfaction with counsel?


California, United States of America

How have courts dealt with allegations of sexual assault against a defendant who was also charged with molesting a minor?


California, United States of America

How have courts treated the improper suggestion that a defendant should have testified and expressed remorse?


California, United States of America

How have courts treated counsel's failure to object every single time a prosecutor elicited hearsay?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of establishing that shared use of the matrimonial home with the respondent is a "practical impossibility"?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a jury have to resolve every controverted issue necessary to sustain a special verdict in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

Is reasonableness the applicable standard of review under s. 81.1(1) of the Health and Social Care Act?


Northwest Territories, Canada

What is the proper format of a hearing at the BC SPCA for a personal injury claim?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a probation officer to issue a letter to a defendant's probation officer?


California, United States of America

What is the test for instructing a jury on any affirmative defense for which the record contains substantial evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for "objective facts known to the officer at the time of the search"?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can an injunction be issued if the underlying causes of action are not established?


California, United States of America

Does a Superintendent of Motor Vehicles have security of tenure?


British Columbia, Canada

How have the courts dealt with a motion to vacate a judgment against a defendant who was found guilty of laches?


California, United States of America

How is a family insurance contract interpreted by the Court of Appeal?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a defendant waive their right to be present at trial?


California, United States of America

What is the sufficiency of evidence to support a conviction for violating section 148 of the Civil Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a statement of reasons in a motor vehicle case?


California, United States of America

What are the consequences of taking unnecessary precautions to prevent accidents?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for de novo review in statutory construction?


California, United States of America

What is the relevant case law in the context of the Human Rights Act?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

What is the duty of care of the operators of large unwieldable vehicles on public roads?


Alberta, Canada

How have courts treated the liability of direct perpetrators and accomplices in civil cases?


California, United States of America