The following excerpt is from United States v. Grovo, 826 F.3d 1207 (9th Cir. 2016):
6 Petersen's argument that 2251(d) and (e) apply only when a defendant has produced the pornography in question is foreclosed by United States v. Williams , 659 F.3d at 1225, which held there is no requirement that a defendant personally produce child pornography in order for criminal liability to attach under 2251(d).
6 Petersen's argument that 2251(d) and (e) apply only when a defendant has produced the pornography in question is foreclosed by United States v. Williams , 659 F.3d at 1225, which held there is no requirement that a defendant personally produce child pornography in order for criminal liability to attach under 2251(d).
7 The district court denied restitution to another victim, a determination that is not at issue on appeal.
7 The district court denied restitution to another victim, a determination that is not at issue on appeal.
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