California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Waits v. Carleson, 107 Cal.Rptr. 117, 31 Cal.App.3d 153 (Cal. App. 1973):
More recently the United States Supreme Court, speaking in a constitutional context, has held that a presumption 'must be regarded as 'irrational' or 'arbitrary,' and hence unconstitutional, unless it can at least be said with substantial assurance that the presumed fact is more likely than not to flow from the proved fact on which it is made to depend. . . .' (Leary v. United States, 395 U.S. 6, 36, 89 S.Ct. 1532 1548, 23 L.Ed.2d 57; see also Tot v. United States, 319 U.S. 463, 468, 63 S.Ct. 1241, 87 L.Ed. 1519.)
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