The following excerpt is from Garcia v. Sleeley, Case No.: 3:14-cv-01525-JLS-RBM (S.D. Cal. 2019):
As to the third element, filing a grievance is a protected action under the First Amendment. Watison, 668 F.3d at 1114; Valandingham v. Bojorquez, 866 F.2d 1135, 1138
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