What is the test for "caveat emptor" or "let the buyer beware" in the sale of land?

Ontario, Canada


The following excerpt is from Dennis v. Gray, 2011 ONSC 1567 (CanLII):

The doctrine of "caveat emptor" or "let the buyer beware" generally applies to the sale of land. There is no implied warranty of fitness for human habitation upon the purchase of a house already completed at the time of sale. The notion is that a buyer who does not protect himself by contract, or by inspection, will, absent fraud, be without remedy: Fraser-Reid v. Droumtsekas, 1979 CanLII 55 (SCC), [1980] 1 S.C.R. 720, [1979] S.C.J. No. 125, at p. 720 S.C.R.

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