Applying the principles of novation as set out in Polson v. Wulffsohn (quoted at para. 30 above), the first two are satisfied. The respondents’ daughter was liable as principal debtor and was accepted as such by the appellant. However, the language of the Mortgage Modification Agreement does not establish that the appellant accepted that agreement in full satisfaction and substitution for the old contract (specifically the covenants of the respondents to pay the mortgage debt) and there is no evidence of conduct on the part of the appellant that would establish this third element.
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