The following excerpt is from Thompson v. Gomez, 45 F.3d 1365 (9th Cir. 1995):
In the typical case, this court reviews the fee award for abuse of discretion. Stewart v. Gates, 987 F.2d 1450, 1452 (9th Cir.1993). Because the district court applied an arithmetic formula to reduce future as well as past fees-on-fees, plaintiffs argue that this case is not typical and the court's review is de novo.
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