What is the test for a criminal gang member to be found guilty of a violation of section 186.22 of the California Criminal Code?

To establish a violation of section 186.22, subdivision (a), the prosecution must prove three elements. "Active participation in a criminal street gang, in the sense of participation that is more than nominal or passive, is the first element. . . . The second element is 'knowledge that [the gang's] members engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal gang activity,' and the third element is that the person 'willfully promotes, furthers, or assists in any felonious criminal conduct by members of that gang.' " (People v. Lamas (2007) 42 Cal.4th 516, 523; accord, People v. Albillar (2010) 51 Cal.4th 47, 56.)