What are the elements of a battery action?
California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Norlund v. Sohnrey, C072298 (Cal. App. 2015):
2. The elements of a cause of action for battery are: "(1) defendant touched plaintiff, or caused plaintiff to be touched, with the intent to harm or offend plaintiff; (2) plaintiff did not consent to the touching; (3) plaintiff was harmed or offended by defendant's conduct; and (4) a reasonable person in plaintiff's position would have been offended by the touching." (So v. Shin (2013) 212 Cal.App.4th 652, 669.)
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