How have courts treated the issue of jail clothing (or shackles) at trial?

The foregoing cases, however, all deal with situations in which the defendant appeared in jail clothing (or shackles) before the jury throughout the trial. This fact is significant. As the United States Supreme Court stated: "[T]he constant reminder of the accused's condition implicit in such distinctive, identifiable attire may affect a juror's judgment. The defendant's clothing is so likely to be a continuing influence throughout the trial that... an unacceptable risk is presented of impermissible factors coming into play. [Citation.]" (Estelle v. Williams, supra, 425 U.S. at pp. 504-505, italics added.) In

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